The Hydrocarbon Paradox: How Fossil Fuel Dominance Became the Gulf’s Greatest Vulnerability

The security architecture of the Middle East has entered a period of profound instability following a coordinated US-Israeli military campaign against Iranian targets. The initial strikes, intended to degrade Tehran’s strategic capabilities, have instead triggered a wider theater of war across the Persian Gulf. For the Gulf states, the strategic partnership of hosting US bases[…]

The Promise and Paradox of Artificial Intelligence in Environmental Governance

The evolution of artificial intelligence has been the subject of many discussions, ranging from military security to environmental efficiency. Indeed, AI has increasingly been framed as a dual-use technology: one that promises significant societal benefits while simultaneously raising complex ethical, political, and strategic concerns. When it comes to using AI as a tool to verify[…]

Sustainable Construction in Saudi Arabia: Balancing Vision 2030 Ambitions with Environmental, Social, and Economic Challenges

Aligned with Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030 and the Saudi Green Initiative (SGI), the country is implementing green policies in construction to promote sustainability, reduce emissions, and support a green economy. Launched in 2021, SGI unites government, private sector, and society-wide efforts to achieve net zero emissions by 2060, with construction playing a key role in[…]